СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О СИСТЕМНОЙ КРАСНОЙ ВОЛЧАНКЕ: АКЦЕНТЫ НА ДИАГНОСТИКУ И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ
Аннотация
В обзоре фиксируется внимание на существующих в настоящий момент классификационных критериях диагностики системной красной волчанки (СКВ). Обсуждается структура и значение диагностических шкал Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC), 2012 г. и European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR), 2019 г. Описываются наиболее часто используемые шкалы активности, обострений, повреждения СКВ, особенности их применения в клинической практике. Также в статье обобщаются современные данные о лечении СКВ. Отмечается, что лечение заболевания помимо превентирования обострений, должно быть направлено на предотвращение повреждения органов, увеличение выживаемости и улучшение качества жизни. Приводится стратегия лечения СКВ в соответствии с рекомендациями EULAR/ACR, 2019 г. Разбираются как традиционные классы препаратов, применяющиеся в лечении волчанки (противомалярийные препараты, иммунодепрессанты), так и новые методы терапии.
Литература
2. Yen E.Y., Singh R.R. Brief Report: Lupus – An Unrecognized Leading Cause of Death in Young Females: A Population-Based Study Using Nationwide Death Certificates, 2000–2015. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018; 70: 1251-1255. doi: 10.1002/art.40512
3. Aringer M., Costenbader K., Daikh D., Brinks R., Mosca M., Ramsey-Goldman R., Smolen J.S., Wofsy D., Boumpas D.T., Kamen D.L., Jayne D., Cervera R., Costedoat-Chalumeau N., Diamond B., Gladman D.D., Hahn B., Hiepe F., Jacobsen S., Khanna D., Lerstrøm K., Massarotti E., McCune J., Ruiz-Irastorza G., Sanchez-Guerrero J., Schneider M., Urowitz M., Bertsias G., Hoyer B.F., Leuchten N., Tani C., Tedeschi S.K., Touma Z., Schmajuk G., Anic B., Assan F., Chan T.M., Clarke A.E., Crow M.K., Czirják L., Doria A., Graninger W., Halda-Kiss B., Hasni S., Izmirly P.M., Jung M., Kumánovics G., Mariette X., Padjen I., Pego-Reigosa J.M., Romero-Diaz J., Rúa-Figueroa Fernández Í., Seror R., Stummvoll G.H., Tanaka Y., Tektonidou M.G., Vasconcelos C., Vital E.M., Wallace D.J., Yavuz S., Meroni P.L., Fritzler M.J., Naden R., Dörner T., Johnson S.R.. 2019 European League Against Rheumatism / American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019; 71: 1400-1412. doi: 10.1002/art.40930
4. Дядык А. И. Багрий А.Э., Ракитская И.В., Щукина Е.В. Системная красная волчанка: некоторые вопросы этиологии и патофизиологии. Укр. ревматол. журнал. 2009; 2: 61-66.
5. Barber M.R.W., Drenkard C., Falasinnu T., Hoi A., Mak A., Kow N.Y., Svenungsson E., Peterson J., Clarke A.E., Ramsey-Goldman R. Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021; 17 (9): 515-532. doi: 10.1038/s41584-021-00668-1.
6. Rees F., Doherty M., Grainge M., Davenport G., Lanyon P., Zhang W. The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK, 1999-2012. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75 (1): 136-41. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206334
7. Gergianaki I., Bortoluzzi A., Bertsias G. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors, and disease outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2018; 32 (2): 188-205. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.09.004
8. Petri M., Orbai A.M., Alarcón G.S., Gordon C., Merrill J.T., Fortin P.R., Bruce I.N., Isenberg D., Wallace D.J., Nived O., Sturfelt G., Ramsey-Goldman R., Bae S.C., Hanly J.G., Sánchez-Guerrero J., Clarke A., Aranow C., Manzi S., Urowitz M., Gladman D., Kalunian K., Costner M., Werth V.P., Zoma A., Bernatsky S., Ruiz-Irastorza G., Khamashta M.A., Jacobsen S., Buyon J.P., Maddison P., Dooley M.A., van Vollenhoven R.F., Ginzler E., Stoll T., Peschken C., Jorizzo J.L., Callen J.P., Lim S.S., Fessler B.J., Inanc M., Kamen D.L., Rahman A., Steinsson K., Franks A.G. Jr, Sigler L., Hameed S., Fang H., Pham N., Brey R., Weisman M.H., McGwin G Jr, Magder L.S.. Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64 (8): 2677-86. doi: 10.1002/art.34473
9. Mak A., Cheung M.W., Chiew H.J., Liu Y., Ho RC. Global trend of survival and damage of systemic lupus erythematosus: meta-analysis and meta-regression of observational studies from the 1950s to 2000s. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 41 (6): 830-9. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.11.002.
10. Tsang-A-Sjoe M.W.P., Bultink I.E.M.. New developments in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology. 2021; 60 (Suppl 6): vi21-vi28. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab498.
11. Irure-Ventura J., López-Hoyos M. Disease criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); the potential role of non-criteria autoantibodies. J Transl Autoimmun. 2022; 5: 100143. doi: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100143
12. Tan E.M., Cohen A.S., Fries J.F., Masi A.T., McShane D.J., Rothfield N.F., Schaller J.G., Talal N., Winchester R.J.. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1982; 25 (11): 1271-7. doi: 10.1002/art.1780251101.
13. Hochberg M.C.. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40 (9): 1725. doi: 10.1002/art.1780400928
14. Infantino M., Nagy E., Bizzaro N., Fischer K., Bossuyt X., Damoiseaux J. Anti-dsDNA antibodies in the classification criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021; 5: 100139. doi: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100139
15. Leuchten N., Hoyer A., Brinks R., Schoels M., Schneider M., Smolen J., Johnson S.R., Daikh D., Dörner T., Aringer M., Bertsias G; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Classification Criteria Steering Committee. Performance of antinuclear antibodies for classifying systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review and meta-regression of diagnostic data. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018; 70 (3): 428-438. doi: 10.1002/acr.23292
16. Yaniv G., Twig G., Shor D.B., Furer A., Sherer Y., Mozes O., Komisar O., Slonimsky E., Klang E., Lotan E., Welt M., Marai I., Shina A., Amital H., Shoenfeld Y. A volcanic explosion of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a diversity of 180 different antibodies found in SLE patients. Autoimmun Rev. 2015; 14 (1): 75-9. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.003
17. Fanouriakis A., Tziolos N., Bertsias G., Boumpas D.T.. Update on the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021; 80 (1): 14-25. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218272
18. Fanouriakis A., Kostopoulou M., Alunno A., Aringer M., Bajema I., Boletis J.N., Cervera R., Doria A., Gordon C., Govoni M., Houssiau F., Jayne D., Kouloumas M., Kuhn A., Larsen J.L., Lerstrøm K., Moroni G., Mosca M., Schneider M., Smolen J.S., Svenungsson E., Tesar V., Tincani A., Troldborg A., van Vollenhoven R., Wenzel J., Bertsias G., Boumpas D.T.. 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019; 78 (6): 736-745. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215089
19. Gladman D.D., Ibañez D., Urowitz M.B.. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol. 2002; 29 (2): 288-291.
20. Mikdashi J., Nived O. Measuring disease activity in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus: the challenges of administrative burden and responsiveness to patient concerns in clinical research. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015; 17 (1): 183. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0702-6
21. Buyon J.P., Petri M.A., Kim M.Y., Kalunian K.C., Grossman J., Hahn B.H., Merrill J.T., Sammaritano L., Lockshin M., Alarcón G.S., Manzi S., Belmont H.M., Askanase A.D., Sigler L., Dooley M.A., Von Feldt J., McCune W.J., Friedman A., Wachs J., Cronin M., Hearth-Holmes M., Tan M., Licciardi F. The effect of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement therapy on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005; 142 (12): 953-62. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_part_1-200506210-00004
22. Bertsias G., Ioannidis J.P., Boletis J., Bombardieri S., Cervera R., Dostal C., Font J., Gilboe I.M., Houssiau F., Huizinga T., Isenberg D., Kallenberg C.G., Khamashta M., Piette J.C., Schneider M., Smolen J., Sturfelt G., Tincani A., van Vollenhoven R., Gordon C., Boumpas D.T.; Task Force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a Task Force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008; 67 (2): 195-205. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.070367
23. Golder V., Tsang-A-Sjoe M.W.P.. Treatment targets in SLE: remission and low disease activity state. Rheumatology. 2020; 59 (Suppl 5): v19-v28. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa420.
24. Paley M.A., Strand V., Kim A.H.. From mechanism to therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017; 29 (2): 178-186. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000369
25. Pego-Reigosa J.M., Cobo-Ibáñez T., Calvo-Alén J., Loza-Santamaría E., Rahman A., Muñoz-Fernández S., Rúa-Figueroa Í. Efficacy and safety of nonbiologic immunosuppressants in the treatment of nonrenal systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013; 65 (11): 1775-85. doi: 10.1002/acr.22035
26. Broen J.C.A., van Laar J.M.. Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus: mechanisms in rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020; 16 (3): 167-178. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0374-8.
27. Moreno-Torres V., Tarín C., Ruiz-Irastorza G., Castejón R., Gutiérrez-Rojas Á., Royuela A., Durán-Del Campo P., Mellor-Pita S., Tutor P., Rosado S., Sánchez E., Martínez-Urbistondo M., de Mendoza C., Yebra M., Vargas J.A.. Trends in hospital admissions and death causes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Spanish National registry. J Clin Med. 2021; 10 (24): 5749. doi: 10.3390/jcm10245749
28. Ponticelli C., Moroni G. Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2017; 16 (3): 411-419. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1269168
29. Dima A., Jurcut C., Arnaud L. Hydroxychloroquine in systemic and autoimmune diseases: where are we now? Joint Bone Spine. 2021; 88 (3): 105143. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105143
30. Dima A., Jurcut C., Chasset F., Felten R., Arnaud L. Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus: overview of current knowledge. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2022; 14: 1759720X211073001. doi: 10.1177/1759720X211073001
31. Ruiz-Irastorza G., Bertsias G. Treating systemic lupus erythematosus in the 21st century: new drugs and new perspectives on old drugs. Rheumatology. 2020; 59 (Suppl 5): v69-v81. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa403
32. Ruiz-Irastorza G., Ramos-Casals M., Brito-Zeron P., Khamashta M.A.. Clinical efficacy and side effects of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69 (1): 20-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.101766
33. Ugarte A., Danza A., Ruiz-Irastorza G. Glucocorticoids and antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: an update and future directions. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018; 30 (5): 482-489. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000527
34. Ватутин Н.Т., Тарадин Г.Г., Канишева И.В. Обзор рекомендаций Европейской Антиревматической Лиги по охране женского здоровья, планированию семьи, вспомогательному оплодотворению, ведению в период беременности и менопаузы больных системной красной волчанкой и/или антифосфолипидным синдромом. Медико-социальные проблемы семьи. 2017; 22 (2): 97-107.
35. Saavedra M.Á., Miranda-Hernández D., Lara-Mejía A., Sánchez A., Morales S., Cruz-Reyes C., Cruz-Domínguez P., Medina G., Jara L.J.. Use of antimalarial drugs is associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia in lupus pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2020; 23 (5): 633-640. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13830
36. Gordon C., Amissah-Arthur M.B., Gayed M., Brown S., Bruce I.N., D'Cruz D., Empson B., Griffiths B., Jayne D., Khamashta M., Lightstone L., Norton P., Norton Y., Schreiber K., Isenberg D. The British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Rheumatology. 2018; 57 (1): e1-e45. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex286
37. Fanouriakis A., Kostopoulou M., Cheema K., Anders H.J., Aringer M., Bajema I., Boletis J., Frangou E., Houssiau F.A., Hollis J., Karras A., Marchiori F., Marks S.D., Moroni G., Mosca M., Parodis I., Praga M., Schneider M., Smolen J.S., Tesar V., Trachana M., van Vollenhoven R.F., Voskuyl A.E., Teng Y.K.O., van Leew B., Bertsias G., Jayne D., Boumpas D.T.. 2019 Update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79 (6): 713-723. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-216924
38. Mok C.C., Tse S.M., Chan K.L., Ho LY. Effect of immunosuppressive therapies on survival of systemic lupus erythematosus: a propensity score analysis of a longitudinal cohort. Lupus. 2018; 27 (5): 722-727. doi: 10.1177/0961203317739129
39. Ruiz-Arruza I., Lozano J., Cabezas-Rodriguez I., Medina J.A., Ugarte A., Erdozain J.G., Ruiz-Irastorza G. Restrictive use of oral glucocorticoids in systemic lupus erythematosus and prevention of damage without worsening long-term disease control: an observational study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018; 70 (4): 582-591. doi: 10.1002/acr.23322
40. Anders H.J., Saxena R., Zhao M.H., Parodis I., Salmon J.E., Mohan C. Lupus nephritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020; 6 (1): 7. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0141-9.
41. Hannon C.W., McCourt C., Lima H.C., Chen S., Bennett C. Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021; 3 (3): CD007478. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007478.pub2
42. Mok C.C.. Calcineurin inhibitors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2017; 31 (3): 429-438. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.09.010
43. Ponticelli C., Podestà M.A.. Calcineurin inhibitors in lupus nephritis. J Nephrol. 2021; 34 (2): 399-402. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00757-6
44. Farouk S.S., Rein J.L.. The many faces of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity-what the FK? Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2020; 27 (1): 56-66. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.006
45. Parikh S.V., Almaani S., Brodsky S., Rovin B.H.. Update on lupus nephritis: core curriculum 2020. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020; 76 (2): 265-281. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.10.017
46. Furie R., Petri M., Zamani O., Cervera R., Wallace D.J., Tegzová D., Sanchez-Guerrero J., Schwarting A., Merrill J.T., Chatham W.W., Stohl W., Ginzler E.M., Hough D.R., Zhong Z.J., Freimuth W., van Vollenhoven R.F.; BLISS-76 Study Group. A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2011; 63 (12): 3918-30. doi: 10.1002/art.30613
47. Navarra S.V., Guzmán R.M., Gallacher A.E., Hall S., Levy R.A., Jimenez R.E., Li EK, Thomas M., Kim H.Y., León M.G., Tanasescu C., Nasonov E., Lan J.L., Pineda L., Zhong Z.J., Freimuth W., Petri M.A.; BLISS-52 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011; 377 (9767): 721-31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (10)61354-2
48. Dooley M.A., Houssiau F., Aranow C., D'Cruz D.P., Askanase A., Roth D.A., Zhong Z.J., Cooper S., Freimuth W.W., Ginzler E.M.; BLISS-52 and -76 Study Groups. Effect of belimumab treatment on renal outcomes: results from the phase 3 belimumab clinical trials in patients with SLE. Lupus. 2013; 22 (1): 63-72. doi: 10.1177/0961203312465781
49. Merrill J.T., Neuwelt C.M., Wallace D.J., Shanahan J.C., Latinis K.M., Oates J.C., Utset T.O., Gordon C., Isenberg D.A., Hsieh H.J., Zhang D., Brunetta P.G.. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: the randomized, double-blind, phase II/III systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2010; 62 (1): 222-33. doi: 10.1002/art.27233
50. Rovin B.H., Furie R., Latinis K., Looney R.J., Fervenza F.C., Sanchez-Guerrero J., Maciuca R., Zhang D., Garg J.P., Brunetta P., Appel G; LUNAR Investigator Group. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the Lupus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab study. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64 (4): 1215-26. doi: 10.1002/art.34359
51. Quelhas da Costa R., Aguirre-Alastuey M.E., Isenberg D.A., Saracino A.M.. Assessment of Response to B-Cell Depletion Using Rituximab in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. JAMA Dermatol. 2018; 154 (12): 1432-1440. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3793