ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ДИСЛИПИДЕМИЙ. СТАТИНЫ
Аннотация
Обзор посвящен вопросам применения одного из широко используемых лекарственных классов в лечении дислипидемий – статинов. Описаны основные эффекты статинов, механизм действия, особенности их назначения. Дана характеристика побочных эффектов, факторов риска и мер, способных их минимизировать. Кратко представлены особенности терапии у отдельных категорий пациентов (женщин, пожилых, пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом). Также приведена информация о взаимодействиях статинов с другими лекарственными препаратами.
Литература
1. Helkin A., Stein J.J., Lin S., Siddiqui S., Maier K.G., Gahtan V. Dyslipidemia Part 1 − review of lipid metabolism and vascular cell physiology. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2016; 50 (2): 107–118. doi: 10.1177/1538574416628654
2. Багрий А.Э., Дядык А.И., Хоменко М.В., Цыба И.Н., Ефременко В.А., Щукина Е.В., Приколота О.А. Гиполипидемические средства: возможности и перспективы применения. Сообщение 2. Общие вопросы применения статинов. Атеросклероз. 2016; 12 (2): 48-57.
3. Bellosta S., Corsini A. Statin drug interactions and related adverse reactions: an update Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 Jan; 17 (1): 25-37. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1394455
4. Newman C.B., Preiss D., Tobert J.A., Jacobson T.A., Page R.L., Goldstein L.B. et al. Statin safety and associated adverse events: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019; 39 (2): e38-e81. doi: 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000073
5. Дядык А.И., Куглер Т.Е., Сулиман Ю.В., Зборовский С.Р., Здиховская И.И. Побочные эффекты статинов: механизмы развития, диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2018; 8 (4): 266-276. doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-4-266-276
6. Mach F., Baigent C., Catapano A.L., Koskinas K.C., Casula M., Badimon L. et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020; 41 (1): 111-188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455. PMID: 31504418
7. Boekholdt S.M., Hovingh G.K., Mora S., Arsenault B.J., Amarenco P., Pedersen T.R. et al. Very low levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and the risk for cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of statin trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64 (5): 485-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.615
8. Tiwari V., Khokhar M. Mechanism of action of anti-hypercholesterolemia drugs and their resistance. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014; 741: 156-170. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.048
9. Chasman D.I., Giulianini F., MacFadyen J., Barratt B.J., Nyberg F., Ridker P.M. Genetic determinants of statin-induced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction: the Justification for the use of statins in prevention: an intervention trial evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2012; 5 (2): 257-264. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.111.961144
10. Reiner Z. Resistance and intolerance to statins. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014; 24 (10): 1057-1066. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.009
11. Moriarty P.M., Thompson P.D., Cannon C.P., Guyton J.R., Bergeron J., Zieve F.J. et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in statin-intolerant patients over 3 years: open-label treatment period of the ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE trial. J Clin Lipidol. 2020; 14 (1): 88-97.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.01.001
12. Reiner Z. Managing the residual cardiovascular disease risk associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in statin-treated patients: a clinical update. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 23 (9): 799-807. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.05.002
13. Sharma A., Joshi P.H., Rinehart S., Thakker K.M., Lele A., Voros S. Baseline very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with the magnitude of triglyceride lowering on statins, fenofibric acid, or their combination in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2014; 7: 465-474. doi: 10.1007/s12265-014-9559-3
14. Khera A.V., Everett B.M., Caulfield M.P., Hantash F.M., Wohlgemuth J., Ridker P.M. Lipoprotein (a) concentrations, rosuvastatin therapy, and residual vascular risk: an analysis from the JUPITER Trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin). Circulation. 2014; 129: 635-642. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004406
15. De La Cruz J.A., Mihos C.G., Horvath S.A., Santana O. The pleiotropic effects of statins in endocrine disorders. Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019; 19: 787-793. doi: 10.2174/1871530319666190329115003
16. Oesterle A., Laufs U., Liao J.K. Pleiotropic effects of statins on the cardiovascular system. Circ Res. 2017; 120 (1): 229-243. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308537
17. Kavalipati N., Shah J., Ramakrishan A., Vasnawala H. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 19 (5): 554-562. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.163106
18. Kunal S., Gupta K., Gupta S. Statins in COVID-19: a new ray of hope. Heart Lung. 2020$ V. 49, 6: 887-889. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.07.012
19. Mortensen M.B., Falk E., Li D., Nasir K., Blaha M.J., Sandfort V. Statin trials, cardiovascular events, and coronary artery calcification: implications for a trial-based approach to statin therapy in MESA. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018; 11 (2 Pt 1): 221-230. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.01.029
20. Fulcher J., O’Connell R., Voysey M., Emberson J., Blackwell L., Mihaylova B. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015. 385 (9976): 1397–1405. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736 (14) 61368-4
21. Baigent C., Blackwell L., Emberson J., Holland L.E., Reith C., Bhala N. et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010; 376 (9753): 1670-1681. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (10) 61350-5
22. Naci H., Brugts J.J., Fleurence R., Tsoi B., Toor H., Ades A.E. Comparative benefits of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of major coronary events and all-cause mortality: a network meta-analysis of placebo-controlled and active-comparator trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013; 20 (4): 641-657. doi: 10.1177/2047487313480435
23. Mach F., Ray K.K., Wiklund O., Corsini A., Catapano A.L., Bruckert E. et al. European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Adverse effects of statin therapy: perception vs. the evidence - focus on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, haemorrhagic stroke and cataract. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39 (27): 2526-2539. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy182
24. Collins R., Reith C., Emberson J., Armitage J., Baigent C., Blackwell L. et al. Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Lancet. 2016; 388 (10059): 2532-2561. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (16) 31357-5
25. Stroes E.S., Thompson P.D., Corsini A., Vladutiu G.D., Raal F.J., Ray K.K. et al. European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on assessment, aetiology and management. Eur Heart J. 2015; 36 (17): 1012-1022. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv043
26. Gupta A., Thompson D., Whitehouse A., Collier T., Dahlof B., Poulter N. et al. ASCOT Investigators. Adverse events associated with unblinded, but not with blinded, statin therapy in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial and its non-randomised non-blind extension phase. Lancet. 2017; 389 (10088): 2473-2481. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (17) 31075-9
27. Naci H., Brugts J., Ades T. Comparative tolerability and harms of individual statins: a study-level network meta-analysis of 246 955 participants from 135 randomized, controlled trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013; 6 (4): 390-399. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000071
28. Keating A.J., Campbell K.B., Guyton J.R. Intermittent nondaily dosing strategies inpatientswithpreviousstatin-inducedmyopathy. Ann Pharmacother. 2013; 47 (3): 398-404. doi: 10.1345/aph.1R509
29. Dongiovanni P., Petta S., Mannisto V., Mancina R.M., Pipitone R., Karja V. et al. Statin use and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in at risk individuals. J Hepatol. 2015; 63 (3): 705-712. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.006
30. Mach F., Ray K.K., Wiklund O., Corsini A., Catapano A.L., Bruckert E. et al. Adverse effects of statin therapy: perception vs. the evidence - focus on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, haemorrhagic stroke and cataract Eur Heart J. 2018; 39 (27): 2526-2539. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy182
31. Sattar N., Preiss D., Murray H.M., Welsh P., Buckley B.M., de Craen A.J.M. et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 2010; 375 (9716): 735-742. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (09) 61965-6
32. Waters D.D., Ho J.E., Boekholdt S.M., DeMicco D.A., Kastelein J.J.P., Messig M. et al. Cardiovascular event reduction versus new-onset diabetes during atorvastatin therapy: effect of baseline risk factors for diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 61 (2): 148-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.042
33. Hackam D.G., Woodward M., Newby L.K., Bhatt D.L., Shao M., Smith E.E. et al. Statins and intracerebral hemorrhage: collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2011; 124 (20): 2233-2242. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055269
34. Agarwal R. Effects of statins on renal function. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 97: 748-755. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.110
35. Geng Q., Ren J., Song J., Li S., Chen H. Meta-analysis of the effect of statins on renal function. Am J Cardiol. 2014; 114 (4): 562-570. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.05.033
36. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2019; 393 (10170): 407-415. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (18) 31942-1
37. Gitt A.K., Lautsch D., Ferrières J., De Ferrari G.M., Vyas A., Baxter C.A. et al. Cholesterol target value attainment and lipid-lowering therapy in patients with stable or acute coronary heart disease: results from the dyslipidemia International study II. Atherosclerosis. 2017; 266: 158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.013
38. Chapman M.J., Ginsberg H.N., Amarenco P., Andreotti F., Borén J., Catapano A.L. et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32 (11): 1345-1361. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112
39. Schwartz G.G., Fayyad R., Szarek M., DeMicco D., Olsson A.G. Early, intensive statin treatment reduces ‘hard’ cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017; 24 (12): 1294-1296. doi: 10.1177/2047487317708677
40. Berwanger O., Santucci E.V., de Barros E.S.P.G.M., Jesuíno I.D.A., Damiani L.P., Barbosa L.M. Effect of loading dose of atorvastatin prior to planned percutaneous coronary intervention on major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome. JAMA. 2018; 319 (13): 1331. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.2444
2. Багрий А.Э., Дядык А.И., Хоменко М.В., Цыба И.Н., Ефременко В.А., Щукина Е.В., Приколота О.А. Гиполипидемические средства: возможности и перспективы применения. Сообщение 2. Общие вопросы применения статинов. Атеросклероз. 2016; 12 (2): 48-57.
3. Bellosta S., Corsini A. Statin drug interactions and related adverse reactions: an update Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 Jan; 17 (1): 25-37. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1394455
4. Newman C.B., Preiss D., Tobert J.A., Jacobson T.A., Page R.L., Goldstein L.B. et al. Statin safety and associated adverse events: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019; 39 (2): e38-e81. doi: 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000073
5. Дядык А.И., Куглер Т.Е., Сулиман Ю.В., Зборовский С.Р., Здиховская И.И. Побочные эффекты статинов: механизмы развития, диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2018; 8 (4): 266-276. doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-4-266-276
6. Mach F., Baigent C., Catapano A.L., Koskinas K.C., Casula M., Badimon L. et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020; 41 (1): 111-188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455. PMID: 31504418
7. Boekholdt S.M., Hovingh G.K., Mora S., Arsenault B.J., Amarenco P., Pedersen T.R. et al. Very low levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and the risk for cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of statin trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64 (5): 485-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.615
8. Tiwari V., Khokhar M. Mechanism of action of anti-hypercholesterolemia drugs and their resistance. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014; 741: 156-170. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.048
9. Chasman D.I., Giulianini F., MacFadyen J., Barratt B.J., Nyberg F., Ridker P.M. Genetic determinants of statin-induced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction: the Justification for the use of statins in prevention: an intervention trial evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2012; 5 (2): 257-264. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.111.961144
10. Reiner Z. Resistance and intolerance to statins. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014; 24 (10): 1057-1066. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.009
11. Moriarty P.M., Thompson P.D., Cannon C.P., Guyton J.R., Bergeron J., Zieve F.J. et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in statin-intolerant patients over 3 years: open-label treatment period of the ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE trial. J Clin Lipidol. 2020; 14 (1): 88-97.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.01.001
12. Reiner Z. Managing the residual cardiovascular disease risk associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in statin-treated patients: a clinical update. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 23 (9): 799-807. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.05.002
13. Sharma A., Joshi P.H., Rinehart S., Thakker K.M., Lele A., Voros S. Baseline very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with the magnitude of triglyceride lowering on statins, fenofibric acid, or their combination in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2014; 7: 465-474. doi: 10.1007/s12265-014-9559-3
14. Khera A.V., Everett B.M., Caulfield M.P., Hantash F.M., Wohlgemuth J., Ridker P.M. Lipoprotein (a) concentrations, rosuvastatin therapy, and residual vascular risk: an analysis from the JUPITER Trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin). Circulation. 2014; 129: 635-642. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004406
15. De La Cruz J.A., Mihos C.G., Horvath S.A., Santana O. The pleiotropic effects of statins in endocrine disorders. Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019; 19: 787-793. doi: 10.2174/1871530319666190329115003
16. Oesterle A., Laufs U., Liao J.K. Pleiotropic effects of statins on the cardiovascular system. Circ Res. 2017; 120 (1): 229-243. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308537
17. Kavalipati N., Shah J., Ramakrishan A., Vasnawala H. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 19 (5): 554-562. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.163106
18. Kunal S., Gupta K., Gupta S. Statins in COVID-19: a new ray of hope. Heart Lung. 2020$ V. 49, 6: 887-889. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.07.012
19. Mortensen M.B., Falk E., Li D., Nasir K., Blaha M.J., Sandfort V. Statin trials, cardiovascular events, and coronary artery calcification: implications for a trial-based approach to statin therapy in MESA. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018; 11 (2 Pt 1): 221-230. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.01.029
20. Fulcher J., O’Connell R., Voysey M., Emberson J., Blackwell L., Mihaylova B. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015. 385 (9976): 1397–1405. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736 (14) 61368-4
21. Baigent C., Blackwell L., Emberson J., Holland L.E., Reith C., Bhala N. et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010; 376 (9753): 1670-1681. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (10) 61350-5
22. Naci H., Brugts J.J., Fleurence R., Tsoi B., Toor H., Ades A.E. Comparative benefits of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of major coronary events and all-cause mortality: a network meta-analysis of placebo-controlled and active-comparator trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013; 20 (4): 641-657. doi: 10.1177/2047487313480435
23. Mach F., Ray K.K., Wiklund O., Corsini A., Catapano A.L., Bruckert E. et al. European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Adverse effects of statin therapy: perception vs. the evidence - focus on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, haemorrhagic stroke and cataract. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39 (27): 2526-2539. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy182
24. Collins R., Reith C., Emberson J., Armitage J., Baigent C., Blackwell L. et al. Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Lancet. 2016; 388 (10059): 2532-2561. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (16) 31357-5
25. Stroes E.S., Thompson P.D., Corsini A., Vladutiu G.D., Raal F.J., Ray K.K. et al. European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on assessment, aetiology and management. Eur Heart J. 2015; 36 (17): 1012-1022. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv043
26. Gupta A., Thompson D., Whitehouse A., Collier T., Dahlof B., Poulter N. et al. ASCOT Investigators. Adverse events associated with unblinded, but not with blinded, statin therapy in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial and its non-randomised non-blind extension phase. Lancet. 2017; 389 (10088): 2473-2481. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (17) 31075-9
27. Naci H., Brugts J., Ades T. Comparative tolerability and harms of individual statins: a study-level network meta-analysis of 246 955 participants from 135 randomized, controlled trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013; 6 (4): 390-399. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000071
28. Keating A.J., Campbell K.B., Guyton J.R. Intermittent nondaily dosing strategies inpatientswithpreviousstatin-inducedmyopathy. Ann Pharmacother. 2013; 47 (3): 398-404. doi: 10.1345/aph.1R509
29. Dongiovanni P., Petta S., Mannisto V., Mancina R.M., Pipitone R., Karja V. et al. Statin use and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in at risk individuals. J Hepatol. 2015; 63 (3): 705-712. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.006
30. Mach F., Ray K.K., Wiklund O., Corsini A., Catapano A.L., Bruckert E. et al. Adverse effects of statin therapy: perception vs. the evidence - focus on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, haemorrhagic stroke and cataract Eur Heart J. 2018; 39 (27): 2526-2539. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy182
31. Sattar N., Preiss D., Murray H.M., Welsh P., Buckley B.M., de Craen A.J.M. et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 2010; 375 (9716): 735-742. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (09) 61965-6
32. Waters D.D., Ho J.E., Boekholdt S.M., DeMicco D.A., Kastelein J.J.P., Messig M. et al. Cardiovascular event reduction versus new-onset diabetes during atorvastatin therapy: effect of baseline risk factors for diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 61 (2): 148-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.042
33. Hackam D.G., Woodward M., Newby L.K., Bhatt D.L., Shao M., Smith E.E. et al. Statins and intracerebral hemorrhage: collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2011; 124 (20): 2233-2242. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055269
34. Agarwal R. Effects of statins on renal function. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 97: 748-755. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.110
35. Geng Q., Ren J., Song J., Li S., Chen H. Meta-analysis of the effect of statins on renal function. Am J Cardiol. 2014; 114 (4): 562-570. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.05.033
36. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2019; 393 (10170): 407-415. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (18) 31942-1
37. Gitt A.K., Lautsch D., Ferrières J., De Ferrari G.M., Vyas A., Baxter C.A. et al. Cholesterol target value attainment and lipid-lowering therapy in patients with stable or acute coronary heart disease: results from the dyslipidemia International study II. Atherosclerosis. 2017; 266: 158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.013
38. Chapman M.J., Ginsberg H.N., Amarenco P., Andreotti F., Borén J., Catapano A.L. et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32 (11): 1345-1361. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112
39. Schwartz G.G., Fayyad R., Szarek M., DeMicco D., Olsson A.G. Early, intensive statin treatment reduces ‘hard’ cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017; 24 (12): 1294-1296. doi: 10.1177/2047487317708677
40. Berwanger O., Santucci E.V., de Barros E.S.P.G.M., Jesuíno I.D.A., Damiani L.P., Barbosa L.M. Effect of loading dose of atorvastatin prior to planned percutaneous coronary intervention on major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome. JAMA. 2018; 319 (13): 1331. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.2444
Опубликована
2021-12-20
Как цитировать
ВАТУТИН, Н. Т. et al.
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ДИСЛИПИДЕМИЙ. СТАТИНЫ.
Университетская клиника, [S.l.], n. 4(41), p. 108-116, дек. 2021.
ISSN 1819-0464. Доступно на: <http://journal.dnmu.ru/index.php/UC/article/view/782>. Дата доступа: 21 ноя. 2024
doi: https://doi.org/10.26435/uc.v0i4(41).782.
Раздел
Обзоры
